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Mood: disgusted.
What the mainstream media isn't necessarily telling you.
Monsanto's chapati patent raises Indian ire
Randeep Ramesh in New Delhi
The Guardian
Monsanto, the world's largest genetically modified seed company, has been awarded patents on the wheat used for making chapati - the flat bread staple of northern India.
The patents give the US multinational exclusive ownership over Nap Hal, a strain of wheat whose gene sequence makes it particularly suited to producing crisp breads.
Another patent, filed in Europe, gives Monsanto rights over the use of Nap Hal wheat to make chapatis, which consist of flour, water and salt.
Environmentalists say Nap Hal's qualities are the result of generations of farmers in India who spent years crossbreeding crops and collective, not corporate, efforts should be recognised.
Monsanto, activists claim, is simply out to make "monopoly profits" from food on which millions depend. Monsanto inherited a patent application when it bought the cereals division of the Anglo-Dutch food giant Unilever in 1998, and the patent has been granted to the new owner.
Unilever acquired Nap Hal seeds from a publicly funded British plant gene bank. Its scientists identified the wheat's combination of genes and patented them as an "invention".
Greenpeace is attempting to block Monsanto's patent, accusing the company of "bio-piracy".
"It is theft of the results of the work in cultivation made by Indian farmers," said Dr Christoph Then, Greenpeace's patent expert after a meeting with the European Commission in Delhi.
"We want the European Patent Office to reverse its decision. Under European law patents cannot be issued on plants that are normally cultivated, but there are loopholes in the legislation."
A spokesperson for Monsanto in India denied that the company had any plan to exploit the patent, saying that it was in fact pulling out of cereals in some markets. "This patent was Unilever's. We got it when we bought the company. Really this is all academic as we are exiting from the cereal business in the UK and Europe," said Ranjana Smetacek, Monsanto's public affairs director in India. Campaigners in India say that there are concerns that people might end up paying royalties to Monsanto for making or selling chapatis.
"The commercial interest is that Monsanto can charge people for using the wheat or take a cut from its sale," said Devinder Sharma, who runs the Forum for Biotechnology and Food Security in Delhi. The potential market in developing countries is huge. Rice production in India alone exceeds that of the American maize market.
By Holly Rosenkrantz and Roger Runningen
June 18 (Bloomberg) -- President George W. Bush today will urge Congress to lift the ban on offshore oil drilling, a move that is in line with a similar call from Republican presidential candidate John McCain.
``With gasoline now over $4 a gallon,'' Bush ``wants to work with states to determine where offshore drilling should occur,'' and have ``the federal government to share revenues with the states,'' White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said yesterday.
Democrats have long opposed Republican efforts to end the ban on offshore drilling that has existed in some areas since 1981. Expanded offshore exploration also has faced opposition in the coastal state of Florida, which will be a battleground in the presidential campaign between McCain and Democrat Barack Obama.
``I don't see how either house of Congress passes this,'' said Pete Davis, president of Davis Capital Investment in Washington. ``This has been a long-standing issue and the lines are very hardened.''
Still, rising oil prices are creating a drag on the U.S. economy and energy costs have become a top political issue.
Bush ``is under a lot of pressure to show that he can still be effective on an issue that matters to voters, so this is one they've pulled out of the closet,'' Davis said.
Arizona Senator McCain, 71, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, yesterday called for letting states open up more territory to offshore oil drilling, even as he promised a break from the energy policies of the Bush administration.
Obama Disagrees
Obama, 46, an Illinois senator who the presumptive Democratic nominee, said there is no evidence that lifting the ban on oil drilling would provide relief to consumers.
``This is not something that is going to give relief now, and it's not a long-term solution,'' Obama said yesterday.
Bush's push for offshore oil drilling is a one of several steps he wants Congress to take to boost the U.S. energy supply, Perino said. Bush, 61, wants Congress to open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling as well. McCain opposes drilling in the refuge.
Perino said Bush will make his statement at 10:35 a.m. at the White House. The statement will include no presidential directives, she said.
The proposal may touch off a political firestorm between energy companies and environmental groups, between members of Congress from coastal states such as New Jersey, Florida, Virginia or California, and draw a contrast between Republican governors.
Crist, Schwarzenegger
Florida Governor Charlie Crist joined Bush and McCain in seeking an end to the ban. Crist reversed his longstanding opposition to drilling off the shores of his state hours after McCain made his call and administration officials said Bush will ask Congress to allow ``environmentally friendly'' drilling, the Wall Street Journal reported.
Crist had opposed offshore drilling on concern it would damage Florida's beaches and drive away tourists. ``We must be pragmatic in protecting both our beaches and our economy,'' Crist said in a written response to the newspaper.
A telephone call to Thomas Philpot, a spokesman for Crist, wasn't immediately returned.
In California, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger opposes lifting the moratorium but ``still absolutely supports'' McCain, said Aaron McLear, a spokesman for the Republican governor, the Los Angeles Times reported. ``They're going to disagree from time to time, and this is one of those cases.''
Reserve Estimates
The nation's Outer Continental Shelf, including areas in the Gulf of Mexico that are already being drilled, has an estimated 86 billion barrels of oil and 420 trillion cubic feet of gas, according to the U.S. Minerals Management Service. Of that, almost 18 billion barrels* of oil and more than 76 trillion cubic feet of gas are off states where drilling isn't allowed, agency spokesman David Smith said.
Estimates for offshore areas where drilling is prohibited are likely low because there has been no exploration since the 1970s, Smith said. Advances in deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico revealed deposits that increased reserves in areas that are open to drilling, he said
The U.S. had proved oil reserves of 29.4 billion barrels at the end of 2007, according to an estimate by BP Plc.
Republicans in the House plan to use Bush's remarks to prod the Appropriations Committee to ease energy restrictions as the panel considers a $27.9 billion spending bill for the Interior Department and Environmental Protection Agency.
Oil Shale
With oil prices up about double what they were a year ago and up about 40 percent this year, Republicans want to focus on domestic energy production, including removal of the current offshore drilling moratorium.** They also may offer amendments to permit the Interior Department to lease land in some western states for oil-shale extraction and open the refuge in Alaska for to drilling.
Oil futures in New York have surged fourfold since the end of 2003, including a 40 percent jump this year, and touched a record this week at $139.89 a barrel.
Crude's rise pushed gasoline and diesel prices above $4 a gallon in the U.S., dragging down profits for businesses ranging from shipping services to department stores and contributing to a drop in truck sales by Ford Motor Co. and other manufacturers. Record jet-fuel prices forced U.S. Airways and other carriers to cut more than 10,000 jobs and ground more than 400 aircraft.
To contact the reporter on this story: Holly Rosenkrantz in Washington at hrosenkrantz@bloomberg.netRoger Runningen in Washington at rrunningen@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: June 18, 2008 10:24 EDTPublished on Tuesday, April 15, 2003 by Inter Press Service |
Hundreds of U.S. Soldiers Emerge as Conscientious Objectors |
by Gabriel Packard |
NEW YORK - Although only a handful of them have gone public, at least several hundred U.S. soldiers have applied for conscientious objector (CO) status since January, says a rights group. The Center on Conscience and War (CCW), which advises military personnel on CO discharges, reports that since the start of 2003--when many soldiers realized they might have to fight in the Iraq war--there has been a massive increase in the number of enlisted soldiers who have applied for CO status. "The bare minimum is several hundred, and this number only includes the ones that have come to my group and to groups we're associated with," CCW official J.E. McNeil told IPS. "There will be others who will have gone through different channels, and some people do it on their own," she added. Generally, COs possess a sincere conviction that forbids them from taking part in organized killing. This objection may apply to all or to only particular aspects of war. Only a small percentage of people who apply receive a CO discharge. But military statistics lag about one year behind, and the decisions on CO applications take on average six months to one year--sometimes as long as two years--so the exact number of COs in the present war will not be known for some time. Also, military figures do not count applications from servicemen who are absent without leave, so they will not include Stephen Funk, a marine reserve who was on unauthorized leave before he publicly declared himself a conscientious objector and reported back to his military base in San Jose, California, April 1. Funk, 20, realized that he was against all war during his training, which including having to bayonet human-shaped dummies while shouting, ”kill, kill.” Since publicly declaring his opposition to war, he has become a symbol of resistance both in the United States and around the world. "Since Stephen went public," says Aimee Allison, a CO from the first Gulf War who has been supporting Funk, "some people from Yesh Gvul (a group of Israeli soldiers who have refused to fight in the occupied territories in Palestine) have contacted me to pledge their support for Stephen and to show solidarity and to thank him for making a stand." "People in other countries are proud that an American can stand up to the hegemony and the violence of the war in Iraq," she adds. Soldiers in other countries, including Turkey, have refused to fight in the current war sparked by last month's U.S.-led attack. Three British servicemen were sent home from the Persian Gulf after objecting to the conduct of the invasion and a member of the British Parliament, George Galloway, says he "is calling on British forces to refuse to obey the illegal orders" involved in the war. As it is in the British army, CO discharge is a long-established practice in the U.S. armed forces and always peaks in wartime. CCW says there were an estimated 200,000 COs in the Vietnam War, 4,300 in the Korean War, 37,000 in World War II and 3,500 in World War I. The military granted 111 COs from the army in the first Gulf War before putting a stop to the practice, resulting in 2,500 soldiers being sent to prison, says Bill Gavlin from the Center on Conscience and War, quoting a report from the Boston Globe newspaper. During that war, a number of U.S. COs in Camp LeJeune in North Carolina state were "beaten, harassed and treated horribly," Gavlin says. In some cases, COs were put on planes bound for Kuwait, told that they could not apply for CO status or that they could only apply after they'd already gone to war. As far as Gavlin knows, that type of treatment has not happened this time. But he has counseled service members who were harassed. For example, one woman was told that if she applied for CO status she would be court marshaled. It is not an offence to apply, and her superiors did it, Gavlin says, "to intimidate her." Allison says she was both supported and condemned when she became a CO. "Privately I received overwhelming personal support from the other members of my unit," she says. "But publicly I was isolated by my unit." "I was a senior at Stanford at the time, and again, in private I got lots of support - for example anti-war groups on campus asked me to speak at events," she adds. "But there were also detractors on campus and in the broader community." Even though conscientious objection is well established, Funk--like many others--found it difficult to find information about it within the military system. "It took him six or seven months,” says Allison. ”And eventually he was searching the Internet...and found the G.I. Rights website." G.I. Rights is a network of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that give advice and information to service members about military discharges and about complaint procedures. CCW belongs to this network. The NGOs advise soldiers on whether they meet the criteria for CO status, and help them complete a CO application. The process involves filling in a 22-question form, being interviewed by a military chaplain, a psychologist and an investigating officer. To succeed in getting CO status, soldiers must demonstrate that their beliefs about war have changed since they enlisted. Soldiers that have this change of heart fall into three main groups, says McNeil. The first group contains "those who go into the military understanding war and are willing to accept it," she says. "But then something happens during their service and they are no longer OK with war." The second group contains people who have "sought out spiritual growth and have come to believe that God doesn't want them to participate in war." The third, and biggest, group, she says, is made up of young, often naive, people who join the military in their late teens. They are often poor whites, blacks or Hispanics, who either have limited employment opportunities, or are looking for a way to fund their college education. Because military recruiters target poor youth in urban centers--the so-called "poverty draft"--this is probably the fastest-growing group of COs as well as the biggest, added McNeil. Copyright 2003 IPS |